Theoretical content of a mobile application on COVID-19: contributions from healthcare students / Conteúdo teórico de um aplicativo móvel sobre covid-19: contribuições de acadêmicos da área da saúde / Contenido teórico de una aplicación móvil sobre COVID-19: contribuciones de los académicos sanitarios

Objetivo: identificar dúvidas de acadêmicos da área da saúde sobre a COVID-19 para a composição do conteúdo teórico de um aplicativo móvel. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida no estado do Rio de Janeiro, em julho de 2020, por meio de formulário eletrônico com acadêmicos da saúde, cujos dados foram processados no software Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes Et de Questionnaires. Resultados: as dúvidas de acadêmicos da área da saúde sobre a COVID-19 que subsidiaram a composição do conteúdo do aplicativo móvel, versaram sobre: formas de contágio, cadeia de transmissão da doença, sinais e sintomas, contágio e prevenção, além do tratamento frente à COVID-19. Conclusão: a identificação de temas para composição do aplicativo móvel sob a ótica dos acadêmicos da área da saúde, possibilitará o uso deste como tecnologia educacional no âmbito da saúde, promovendo mudanças de atitudes, autonomia, além de favorecer a tomada de decisão frente a pandemia

Objective: to identify questions from academics in the health area about COVID-19 for the composition of the theoretical content of a mobile application. Method: qualitative research, developed in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in July 2020, through an electronic form with health academics, whose data were processed in the software Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes Et de Questionnaires. Results: the doubts of academics in the health area about COVID-19 that subsidized the composition of the content of the mobile application, dealt with: forms of contagion, disease transmission chain, signs and symptoms, contagion and prevention, in addition to the front treatment to COVID-19. Conclusion: the identification of themes for the composition of the mobile application from the perspective of academics in the health field, will enable its use as an educational technology in the health field, promoting changes in attitudes, autonomy, in addition to favoring decision-making face of the pandemic

Objetivo: identificar preguntas de académicos del área de la salud sobre COVID-19 para la composición del contenido teórico de una aplicación móvil. Método: investigación cualitativa, desarrollada en el estado de Rio de Janeiro, en julio de 2020, mediante un formulario electrónico con académicos de la salud, cuyos datos fueron procesados en el softwareInterface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes Et de Questionnaires. Resultados: las dudas de los académicos del área de la salud sobre el COVID-19 que subsidiaba la composición del contenido de la aplicación móvil, fueron sobre: formas de contagio, cadena de transmisión de enfermedades, signos y síntomas, contagio y prevención, además del frente tratamiento para COVID-19. Conclusión: la identificación de temas para la composición de la aplicación móvil desde la perspectiva de los académicos en el campo de la salud, permitirá su uso como tecnología educativa en el campo de la salud, promoviendo cambios de actitudes, autonomía, además de favorecer la toma de decisiones ante la pandemia

Home medical care for patients with covid-19 / Atención médica a domicilio en pacientes con covid-19

La atención de salud en domicilio es un servicio que brindan los profesionales sanitarios en los hogares de los pacientes en tiempos de pandemia por Covid-19; este servicio sufrió alteraciones en su proceso desde la planificación hasta la atención. Objetivo: Describir el proceso de atención medica a domicilio en pacientes con covid-19. Materiales y Método: Con el objetivo de describir el proceso de atención médica en domicilio a pacientes con Covid-19, se realiza el presente artículo elaborado como una revisión bibliográfica; de un nivel de investigación tipo descriptivo en donde se realizó un análisis sistemático de los documentos encontrados en la web. Resultados: Se encontraron estudios relacionados, donde indican que las visitas domiciliarias a personas con Covid-19 y se priorizó la identificación temprana de los signos de peligro. Conclusión: A pesar del riesgo de contagio de los profesionales de salud, continuaron realizando las visitas domiciliarias brindando una atención médica adecuada(AU)

Home health care is a service provided by health professionals in patients' homes in times of the Covid-19 pandemic; This service suffered changes in its process from planning to care. Objective: To describe the process of home health care in patients with covid-19Materials and Method: With the aim of describing the process of medical care at home for patients with Covid-19, this article is prepared as a bibliographic review; of a descriptive type research level where a systematic analysis of the documents found on the web was carried out. Results: Related studies were found, indicating that home visits to people with Covid-19 and early identification of danger signs were prioritized. Conclusion: Despite the risk of infection of health professionals, they continued to make home visits providing adequate medical care(AU)

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a healthy and physically active person. Case report and update of the main findings / Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en persona sana y físicamente activa. Reporte de un caso y actualización de los principales hallazgos

Introducción. No todas las personas expuestas al COVID-19 desarrollan una en-fermedad respiratoria grave y el número de personas adultas jóvenes sin patologías previas, afectadas gravemente por el virus, viene en aumento. Se ha evidenciado un gran número de síntomas inespecíficos y complicaciones, posterior a la recuperación. Objetivo. Evaluar las repercusiones en un sujeto sano y físicamente activo que pre-sentó complicaciones médicas graves y complicaciones posteriores al COVID-19. Reporte de caso. Hombre de 41 años de edad, físicamente activo y sin enfermeda-des conocidas, en quien se documenta infección por SARS-CoV2 con prueba PCR positiva. Requirió 22 días en UCI, 17 días en hospitalización general, 57 días de incapacidad y posterior a doce meses presenta pérdida evidente de peso y de memo-ria, dificultad para pensar y concentrarse, pérdida de masa muscular, compromiso de la función hepática, cansancio y fatiga, dolor muscular, problemas para dormir, cambios en el estado de ánimo y alteraciones del gusto. De acuerdo con los actuales hallazgos, la producción de un tipo de anticuerpo impide que el sistema inmune ten-ga una respuesta adecuada contra la enfermedad. Sumado a esto, se ha descrito una nueva puerta de entrada del virus en el organismo: la proteína neuropilina-1 (NRP1), además de la posible disminución del surfactante que permite la flexibilidad de los pulmones. Lo anterior podría dar respuestas a las complicaciones en personas sanas y físicamente activas posterior a la infección por COVID-19. Conclusiones. Entendiendo que el COVID-19 es una enfermedad reciente, aún hay mucha información por recolectar para así entender su comportamiento en el cuerpo humano. Sin embargo, las investigaciones van dando evidencia del porqué el COVID-19 puede generar graves complicaciones médicas en personas sanas y físicamente activas. Son necesarias más investigaciones con esta población, para así realizar planteamientos de manejo clínico acordes a la enfermedad y evitar desenlaces fatales.

Introduction. Not all people exposed to COVID-19 develop a severe respiratory disease and the number of young adults without previous pathologies, seriously af-fected by the virus, is increasing. Many of non-specific symptoms and complications have been evidenced after the recovery. Objective. To evaluate the repercussions in a healthy and physically active subject who presented serious medical complications and post-COVID-19 complications.Case report. A 41-year-old man, physically active and without known diseases, in whom SARS-CoV2 infection with a positive PCR test is documented. He required 22 days in the ICU, 17 days in general hospitalization, 57 days of disability and after twelve months there is evident weight and memory loss, difficulty thinking and con-centrating, loss of muscle mass, compromised liver function, tiredness and fatigue, muscle pain, sleep problems, changes in mood, and alterations in the taste. According to the current findings, the production of a type of antibody prevents the immune system from having an adequate response against the disease. In addition to this, a new gateway for the virus into the body has been described: the protein neuropilin- 1 (NRP1), as well as the possible decrease in surfactant that allows the flexibility of the lungs. This could provide answers to complications in healthy and physically active people after COVID-19 infection. Conclusions. Understanding that COVID-19 is a recent disease, there is still a lot of information to collect to understand its behavior in the human body. However, research is providing evidence on why COVID-19 can cause serious medical compli-cations in healthy and physically active people. Understanding that it is a multifac-torial situation, more research is necessary with this population in order to carry out clinical management approaches according to the disease and avoid fatal outcomes.

Gastrointestinal symptoms and liver involvement in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 / Síntomas gastrointestinales y afectación hepática en pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19

Se identificó la relación entre los síntomas gastrointestinales y la afectación hepática en pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19. El daño hepático en estos pacientes puede ser causado por el virus que infecta directamente las células hepáticas, por ello se debe prestar más atención al estado de la función hepática de los pacientes con COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19, pertenecientes a dos hospitales del cantón Ambato, de enero a julio de 2021. Se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística, de 125 pacientes con los siguientes criterios: no presentar afectación hepática, no estar bajo tratamiento con fármacos hepatotóxicos. Para identificar posible diferencia de medias entre los niveles de las determinaciones de TGP, TGO, GGT y LDH en los pacientes con y sin síntomas se utilizó la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes. Posteriormente, se realizó la prueba estadística Regresión logística binaria con el método Intro. La prueba de bondad de ajuste Hosmer-Lemeshow permitió evaluar el ajuste del modelo. Para todas las pruebas de hipótesis se empleó un nivel de significación del 5%(AU)

The relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and liver involvement in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 was identified. Liver damage in these patients may be caused by the virus directly infecting liver cells, so more attention should be paid to the liver function status of COVID-19 patients. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, belonging to two hospitals in the Ambato canton, from January to July 2021. A non-probabilistic sample of 125 patients was selected with the following criteria: no liver involvement, no treatment with hepatotoxic drugs. To identify possible mean differences between the levels of TGP, TGO, GGT and LDH determinations in patients with and without symptoms, the Student's t-test was used for independent samples. Subsequently, the binary logistic regression statistical test was performed with the Intro method. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test allowed us to evaluate the fit of the model. For all hypothesis tests, a significance level of 5% was used(AU)

Mental health in the Mexican population due to COVID-19 / Salud mental en población mexicana por COVID-19

Este artículo analiza el estado de salud mental de población adulta de México en el contexto de pandemia ocasionada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Participaron 899 participantes de diferentes regiones de México Medad = 34. 8, DE= 11.38, mujeres= 641, hombres=258, durante el contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron la Escala de Miedo al COVID-19 (FCV-19S), la Escala para el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7), el Test de Propósito de Vida (PIL), el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente (PHQ-9) y el Cuestionario Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) para el apoyo social. La aplicación se realizó de manera individual, durante el período del 12 de junio al 14 de septiembre de 2020. Los resultados indicaron que los participantes no presentaron síntomas agudos de miedo hacia la COVID-19. No obstante, se encontró presencia considerable de ansiedad generalizada y de depresión en diferentes niveles. El apoyo social y propósito de vida se encuentran presentes, contrarrestando la ansiedad y la depresión, mientras que el miedo y la cantidad de horas de exposición a pensamientos sobre COVID-19 contribuyeron de forma positiva a estas variables psicológicas. Se concluye que la crisis sanitaria ocasionada por COVID-19 ha impactado fuertemente en la salud mental de los participantes, no obstante, existen fortalezas como el apoyo social y el propósito de vida que ayudan a sobrellevar los efectos de la pandemia y se debería trabajar en ellas para promover la salud mental durante los momentos de la crisis sanitaria(AU)

This paper analyzes the status of mental health of the adult population of Mexico in the context of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19). This article analyzes the mental health status of the adult population of Mexico in the context of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19). A total of 899 participants from different regions of Mexico participated, M age = 34.8, SD= 11.38, women= 641, men=258, during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The instruments applied were the COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Purpose I Life Test (PIL), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ -9) and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Questionnaire for social support. The application was carried out individually, during the period from June 12 to September 14, 2020. The results indicated that the participants did not present acute symptoms of fear towards COVID-19. However, a considerable presence of generalized anxiety and depression was found at different levels. Social support and life purpose are present, counteracting anxiety and depression, while fear and the number of hours of exposure to thoughts about COVID-19 contributed positively to these psychological variables. It is concluded that the health crisis caused by COVID-19 has strongly impacted on the mental health of the participants; however, there are strengths such as social support and life purpose that help to cope with the effects of the pandemic. Therefore, these two strengths should be worked on to promote mental health during times of health crisis(AU)

Positive Biases and Psychological Functioning During the COVID-19 Pandemic (preprint)

Many individuals have experienced a multitude of chronic stressors and diminished psychological functioning during COVID-19. The current study examined whether cognitive biases towards positive social media or positive autobiographical memories was related to increases in psychological functioning during COVID-19. Participants were 1071 adults (Mage=46.31; 58% female) recruited from CloudResearch/Turk Prime in the spring and summer of 2020. Participants reported on their social media consumption and autobiographical recall, positive and negative affect, and dysphoria symptoms. Results indicated that positively biased social media consumption was related to higher levels of positive affect, and positively biased autobiographical recall was related to lower levels of negative affect and dysphoria symptoms. Relations between positively biased social media consumption and negative affect and dysphoria symptoms differed by racial group; positively biased social media consumption was related to higher levels of negative affect for Black/African American individuals and lower levels of negative affect for Asian American/Pacific Islanders, and to lower levels of dysphoria symptoms for White individuals and Asian American/Pacific Islander individuals. The findings point to potential psychological benefits of positive biases during chronic stressors with some variation across racial groups.

A Survey of Students, Family, and Friends: Cognitive Effects of Covid-19 (preprint)

The purpose of this study is to further the understanding of the cognitive effects of Covid-19. The cognitive effects of infection are not yet fully understood, due in part to the relative recency of the pandemic’s start, and as such should be further studied. The societal effects of the pandemic on cognition and emotion are heavily connected with this topic, and as such finding a way to differentiate between the effects of both is vital. The research hypothesis is that there will be a difference in productivity and cognitive deficits between those who have contracted Covid-19 and those who have not. The null hypothesis is that there will be no differences in cognitive deficiencies and productivity between those who have contracted Covid-19 and those who have not. The study will assess the hypothesis by surveying a convenience sample of students enrolled in PSY 200 at Rio Hondo College, family, and friends on their self-rated productivity currently as compared to pre-pandemic levels, as well as whether they are experiencing any cognitive deficiency-symptoms. The independent variable will be those who have had Covid-19 versus those who have not. We will analyze the data using Anova. We predict a difference between groups, with a large effect size and statistical significance at the 95% confidence level.

Children's Mental and Behavioral Health, Schooling, Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics During School Closure in France Due To COVID-19: The SAPRIS Project. (preprint)

Background: COVID-19 limitation strategies have led to widespread school closures around the world. The present study reports children’s mental health and associated factors during the COVID-19 school closure in France in the spring of 2020. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the SAPRIS project set up during the COVID-19 pandemic in France. Using multinomial logistic regression models, we estimated associations between children’s mental health, children’s health behaviors, schooling, and sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the children’s families. Results: The sample consisted of 5702 children aged 8 to 9 years, including 50.2% girls. In multivariate logistic regression models, children’s sleeping difficulties were associated with children’s abnormal hyperactivity-inattention (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 2.05; 95% Confidence Interval 1.70-2.47) and emotional symptoms (aOR 5.34; 95% CI 4.16-6.86). Factors specifically associated with abnormal hyperactivity/inattention were: male sex (aOR 2.29; 95% CI 1.90-2.76), access to specialized care prior to the pandemic and its suspension during school closure (aOR 1.51; 95% CI 1.21-1.88), abnormal emotional symptoms (aOR 4.06; 95% CI 3.11-5.29), being unschooled or schooled with assistance before lockdown (aOR 2.13; 95% CI 1.43-3.17), and tutoring with difficulties or absence of a tutor (aOR 3.25; 95% CI 2.64-3.99; aOR 2.47; 95% CI 1.48-4.11, respectively). Factors associated with children’s emotional symptoms were the following: being born pre-term (aOR 1.34; 95% CI 1.03-1.73), COVID-19 cases among household members (aOR 1.72; 95% CI 1.08-2.73), abnormal symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention (aOR 4.18; 95% CI 3.27-5.34) and modest income (aOR 1.45; 95% CI 1.07-1.96; aOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.01-1.84). Conclusions: Multiple characteristics were associated with elevated levels of symptoms of hyperactivity-inattention and emotional symptoms in children during the period of school closure due to COVID-19. Further studies are needed to help policymakers to balance the pros and cons of closing schools, taking into consideration the educational and psychological consequences for children.

COVID-19 and pregnancy in Chile: preliminary report of the GESTACOVID multicenter study / COVID 19 y embarazo en Chile: Informe preliminar del estudio multicéntrico GESTACOVID

INTRODUCCIÓN: En Chile, los efectos maternos y perinatales de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 son aún desconocidos. GESTACOVID es un estudio multicéntrico que incluye embarazadas y puérperas hasta el día 42 con COVID-19. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar un informe preliminar, describiendo el impacto de la enfermedad en las embarazadas, factores de riesgo asociados y resultados perinatales. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte descriptivo que incluye 661 pacientes enroladas entre el 7 de marzo y el 6 de julio de 2020, en 23 centros hospitalarios del país. Se analizaron variables demográficas, comorbilidades, características clínicas y del diagnóstico de COVID-19 y resultado materno y perinatal. RESULTADOS: Las pacientes hospitalizadas por COVID-19 tuvieron mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial crónica [10% vs 3%; OR=3,1 (1,5-6,79); p=0,003] y de diabetes tipo 1 y 2 [7% vs 2%; OR=3,2 (1,3-7,7); p=0,009] que las pacientes manejadas ambulatoriamente. Un IMC >40 kg/mt2 se asoció con un riesgo dos veces mayor de requerir manejo hospitalizado [OR=2,4 (1,2 - 4,6); p=0,009]. Aproximadamente la mitad de las pacientes (54%) tuvo un parto por cesárea, y un 8% de las interrupciones del embarazo fueron por COVID-19. Hasta la fecha de esta publicación, 38% de las pacientes continuaban embarazadas. Hubo 21 PCR positivas en 316 neonatos (6,6%), la mayoría (17/21) en pacientes diagnosticadas por cribado universal. CONCLUSIONES: Las embarazadas con COVID-19 y comorbilidades como diabetes, hipertensión crónica y obesidad mórbida deben ser manejadas atentamente y deberán ser objeto de mayor investigación. La tasa de transmisión vertical requiere una mayor evaluación para diferenciar el mecanismo y tipo de infección involucrada.

INTRODUCTION: In Chile, effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women are unknown. GESTACOVID is a multicenter collaborative study including pregnant women and those in the postpartum period (until 42 days) who have had COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to report our preliminary results describing the clinical impact of COVID-19 in pregnant women, the associated risk factors and perinatal results. METHODS: Descriptive cohort study including 661 patients between April 7th and July 6th, 2020, in 23 hospitals. Demographical, comorbidities, clinical and diagnostic characteristics of COVID-19 disease and maternal and perinatal outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Pregnant women with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital were more likely to have chronic hypertension [10% vs 3%; OR=3.1 (1.5-6.79); p=0,003] and diabetes type 1 and 2 [7% vs 2%; OR=3.2 (1.3-7.7); p=0.009] than those with outpatient management. A body mass index of >40 kg/mt2 was associated with two-fold higher risk of hospitalization [OR=2.4 (1.2-4.6); p=0.009]. Almost half of patients (54%) were delivered by cesarean section, and 8% of the medically indicated deliveries were due to COVID-19. So far, 38% of the patients are still pregnant. Among 316 newborns, there were 21 positive PCR tests (6.6%), mostly from asymptomatic mothers undergoing universal screening. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women with COVID-19 and comorbidities such as diabetes, chronic hypertension and morbid obesity need a close follow up and should be a matter for further research. Vertical transmission of COVID-19 should be thoroughly studied to define the mechanisms and type of infection involved.